Providing Feedback and Monitoring Student Progress Essay

Teacher feedback is the essential and probably the critical element of student learning. We frequently refer to teacher feedback as the effective instrument of instructional change. However, why do we always forget that teacher feedback is integrally linked to student motivation? In reality, teacher feedback is an effective tool that drives student motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation may substantially improve when teachers do not simply score and grade students, but provide students with objective feedback and inform them about the progress they make during the learning process. At this point, it is important to look at teacher feedback through a different prism: we will distance ourselves from the traditional instructional paradigm, but will use the â€Å"learning paradigm, when after gathering information on the students’ learning process, the teacher reflects and gives his (her) views on what he (she) has observed back to the students† (Kwong, 2001). From the viewpoint of extrinsic motivation, teacher feedback serves an effective external factor that motivates students to learn. From the viewpoint of intrinsic motivation, the inner student desire to learn is increased when student needs are recognized, evaluated, and satisfied through teacher feedback. At least three different types of teacher feedback can be used to enhance student motivation in learning; these include informative feedback, grades, and task involvement. The concept of task involvement id described as â€Å"the concern to develop or demonstrate (primarily to oneself) high ability. It follows that when we are task-involved, we will attempt to learn if we see an opportunity to do so and, when doing so, will feel we are doing what we want to do† (Salili & Maehr, 1986). Task-involvement implies active and constant interaction between the teacher and student, where students feel responsibility for the learning outcomes, and where this responsibility increases student intrinsic motivation. If properly utilized, grades may also turn into effective force driving student motivation. Very often, grading is referred to as the instrument that negatively impacts students’ desire to learn (Salili & Maehr, 1986); that is why grading should be combined with informative teacher feedback. It is important that teachers do not use grades as a reward, but rather promote grades as the instrument reflecting student progress. Informative feedback may also be used separately, to inform students about their learning achievements, to inform students about additional learning opportunities and incentives, and to guarantee that students are able to use these opportunities and incentives to improve their achievements in learning. The concept of teacher feedback should be re-considered through a new â€Å"non-instructional prism†. The time has come to realize that objective teacher feedback combined with recognition and respect to students is a cost-effective factor driving student motivation at all stages of the learning process. Teacher feedback should be positive and objective. Teacher feedback should form the basis of continuous strategy, where students and teachers interact on equal terms, and all students have equal chances to succeed in learning.

Hamlet vs Agamemnon Tragedy Essay

Hamlet and Agamemnon are two extraordinary and timeless plays. Both plays deal with the big themes of love, loss, pride, the abuse of power and the fraught relationships between men and gods. Hamlet and Agamemnon, the protagonist of the plays that were named after them, are two tragic heroes that commit some terrible crime without realizing how foolish and arrogant they have been. Both protagonist are of higher status, and have power. However, Hamlet is more tragic than Agamemnon, for several reasons. Hamlet is a good, kind men. He is the Prince of Denmark and loved by the Danish people. Unfortunately for him, his beloved father, King Hamlet, dies. Hamlet loves his father very much, and he is deeply hurt when his dad passed away. He is even more shocked and hurt by the fact that his mother, Queen Gertrude, marries his uncle, Claudius, shortly after her husband died. Prince Hamlet sees and has a conversation with his father’s ghost. He learns that the King of Denmark was murdered by his brother, Claudius. Hamlet swears to avenge his father, and he starts to play mad so he can gather evidence and put his plan in motion. At first, he is not completely sure that the ghost was his father, and he tries to get confirmation by inviting King Claudius and Queen Gertrude to a play based on what the ghost had told him. After he is convinced that his father was murdered, he plans to kill Claudius. Hamlet is not very eager to kill his uncle, he is not happy about the situation, and he does not act fast. Agamemnon is completely different than Hamlet. He rapes Clytemnestra and murders her husband. King Agamemnon did not stop there. After he marries Clytemnestra, he sacrifices their youngest daughter, Iphigenia, to gain favourable winds to take the Greek fleet to Troy. King Agamemnon seems to be more like King Claudius. Both of them killed the rightful King, took his wife, and killed or planned to kill the Queen’s child. Agamemnon kills his daughter, Claudius plots to kill Hamlet at least twice. Agamemnon is popular, and appreciated for his battles skills and victories. He doesn’t seem to care much about other persons and values, other than his power, battles victories, and the public’s adoration. Hamlet killes Polonius when he was talking with his mother after the play. Polonius was hiding, and ears dropping for the King. When Gertrude thought that Hamlet wants to attack her, she yelled for help, and Polonius  responded, calling for help from behind the arras. In an unusual moment of spontaneous action, Hamlet stabs the concealed figure, believing it to be Claudius. The death of Polonius cased great suffering to Ophelia, his daughter. She gets a little bit mad, singing nonsense about death and sex, and ends up drowning herself. Laertes, Polonius’s son, wants justice for his father, and becomes another potential revenge hero, but unlike Hamlet, he is more determined. He doesn’t care about the spiritual part of death like Hamlet. King Claudius adds fuel to the fire, and convinced Laertes to kill Hamlet in a duel. Laertes tells Claudius that he will poisoned the tip of the blade, to kill Hamlet. Claudius promised to poison the wine in case Laertes fails to scratch Hamlet with his sword. Hamlet is not aware of this plot, and accepts Claudius’s offer to fight Laertes. During the fight, there is a switch of rapiers, resulting in both Hamlet and Laertes being stabbed with the poisoned blade. Gertrude, meanwhile, mistakenly drinks the poisoned wine. She dies and Hamlet demands that they seek out the treachery that killed her. Laertes, realizing that he and Hamlet are both dying, explains everything and blames Claudius. Hamlet kills Claudius with the poisoned sword, finally fulfilling his quest for revenge. Laertes begs Hamlet to exchange forgiveness with him and dies. Hamlet forgives Laertes. Horatio wants to drink from the poisoned wine, so he can die with Hamlet, but he is stopped by the Prince. Hamlet tells Horatio that he must live in this horrible world so he can tell Hamlet’s story. Lord Hamlet announces that Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, will be the next king of Denmark and dies. Despite the fact that in the end, Prince Hamlet, Laertes, King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, and Ophilia died, the order in the kingdom is restored. Clytemnestra is the one seeking revenge in Agamemnon. During Agamemnon’s ten year absence, Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegistheus, planned to murder Agamemnon on his return. Clytemnestra wants revenge for her daughter, Iphegenia. When Agamemnon comes back, he brings with him, as concubine and slave, the ravished Trojan Princess, Cassandra. Cassandra has the gift of prophecy, but nobody believes her, thanks to Apollo’s curse. She sees the Clytemnestra plans to kill both Agamemnon and Cassandra, but the Chorus do not believe her . Princess Cassandra prays for a quick death, a wish that would be granted. Agamemnon commits hubris. He agrees to walk on the ‘red carpet’ that has been rolled out for him by his wife, even though he  mentions it is treatment meant only for the gods. Clytemnestra preparing her husband for a bath, put on him a bath-robe she had cunningly sewn to be a strait jacket. Wearing this, Agamemnon was completely helpless. His wife butchered and buried him without honours. She does the same to Cassandra. In Hamlet, King Claudius dies, King Hamlet finds peace, and Denmark gets rid of a bad king. Hamlet is buried like a soldier, having a military funeral. In a way, in Hamlet, Laertes commits hubris as well. He dares damnation and he mentions he would kill his father’s murderer in a church. Since both Laertes and Agamemnon commit hubris, both of them die shortly after, which is the element of nemesis in tragedy. Hamartia element, a tragic error, can be seen in Agamemnon when Agamemnon enters the house with Cassandra, trusting that Clytemnestra (his wife) is in fact happy to see him. Similarly in Hamlet, Hamlet agrees to duel with Laertes, not knowing that he is going to die by Laertes hand. Hamlet was a kind and honorable person. While he wanted revenge for his father, in a way he was right to do so. He did not wanted and enjoyed the idea of killing Claudius, but he pulled himself together at the last minute, right before he died. King Claudius was guilty of murdering a King, stealing a Kingdom, a Queen, and planning the murder of Prince Hamlet. Hamlet played for his revenge with his life. Since he was buried as a soldier, and the order was restored in Denmark, the Danish people did not hate him for his sins. Also, in Hamlet, we have more death on stage. Innocent people died, like Ophelia and Polonius. Agamemnon is completely different. He raped, he killed in cold blood, he sacrificed his own daughter to win a war, and he committed hubris, and took hostage the Princess of Troy. His wife, while she might be right in a way to avenge her daughter, she was looking forward to the task of killing Agamemnon and she also killed Cassandra, even thou she was innocent. Clytemnestra and he lover, wanted to be in power and had no remorse. Hamlet is more tragic than Agamemnon, because of the innocence and remorse the major characters showed.

Child Development Theories Essay

The following paper will obtain information based upon three influential men; Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. All three with their own theories of being and mental health will be explored. In addition to the basic theories of all three men, a comparison will be conducted based on each individual theory. Sigmund Freud was a man that believed in the unconscious mind and sexual impulses. Alfred Adler was a man that believed in the individual’s ability to be psycho analyzed as well as social relationships among people. Carl Jung was a man that believed in the individual’s past experiences as well as the individual’s religious beliefs. ‘Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler; these three figures loom large in the history of modern psychology, casting long shadows that have, in the course of one century, forever changed the way we use the first-person pronoun, â€Å"I. † Among these giants, Freud is indisputably the most towering monolith. It was Freud’s pioneering use of the term the â€Å"I† (â€Å"das Ich† in his native German, which was then translated into the Latin â€Å"ego†) that brought â€Å"ego† into common parlance and popular interest to the process of self-consciousness. ’ (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and he also believed that religion was of universal importance. Sigmund Freud felt that sexual impulses are the main motivation for men. He also felt that any mental activity was due to the unconscious mind. Alfred Adler was well known for his belief in individual psychology. He believed that motivational influence was due to social behavior and upbringing. This is not an uncommon belief today. The author of this paper happens to believe that it is our experience that makes us who we are. A child that grows up in a rich, non-threatening home is far more likely to have a better adult hood than that of a child that grows up in a poor, full of abuse ridden home. Not saying that someone that grows up poor and abused can make it because they could. Anyone can be anything they want if they put their mind to it. It is just that there would be a better chance of success than that of the opposite upbringing. All three men had their own interpretation. Adler believed in individual psychology. His belief that the human being should be viewed as a whole was a big find. He also believed that human beings accomplish goals because they want to not because anything is forcing them or helping them along. Adler also believed that only we have control over how our lives turn out and what we do with them. All three men were also professional about what they did and how they perceived one another. Each respecting each other, while understanding that their each individual way may not be the exact way everyone is going to view their concepts. â€Å"Individual Psychology breaks through the theory of determinism,† he writes. â€Å"No experience is a cause of success or failure. We do not suffer from the shock of our experiences—the so-called trauma—but we make out of them just what suits our purposes. We are self-determined by the meaning we give to our experiences. † Adler’s emphasis on the wholeness of the person and the fact that our values inevitably shape our experience led to his conviction that, in the end, there is only one true meaning to human life: care and love for our fellowmen. ’ (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Carl Jung didn’t think that the individual past of a person was of any importance. He believed that religion was the main basis for any and all aspects of a human beings life. All three men were captivated by one another and their individual thoughts on the matter at hand. Religion was a big deal to Carl Jung and it is the experience of the author of this paper that religion is of importance to so many today. Religion is of values and beliefs that most everyone has whether they are Christian, Catholic, Buddhist, or any other religion that exists. Tradition shows that most religions have a set of beliefs and values that are followed by each member of that religion. Meeting every week on a certain day- Christians on Wednesdays and Sundays. It is following the values and beliefs provided by the church that Carl Jung believed in so much. If one is to be true to the church that would in fact have an effect on the way that individual would carry him or herself. In conclusion, Freud, Alder, and Jung have three very different outlooks on psychological theories. ‘All three of these remarkable men knew and worked with each other. In their day, these three men were on the cutting edge of the newest science of western civilization. If not for Freud, Alder, and Jung psychology would not have evolved into the field that it is today. ’ Life is full of surprises and one may never know what is going to happen next. Without theories or experiments, the knowledge of psychology would not have evolved into what it is today. Learning is the key to life and there is no such thing as too much knowledge. (Douglas C. 2005) References Enlightenment Magazine (2008) what is â€Å"Dis Ich† retrieved from: http://www. enlightenmentmagazine. com Nystul, M. S. (2005) Introduction to Counseling: an Art and Science Perspective (3rd edition) New York: Pearson Douglas, C. (2005). Current psychotherapies. (7th Edition) (pgs. 96-129) Itasca, Ill. F. E. Peacock.

Second Language Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Second Language Learning - Essay Example Thus, recasting is perfect for classroom use and is often applied by teachers to see the degree of production reached by their student (Loewn & Philp). However, there is an alternative view to this mode of teaching. Critic Lyster feels recasts to be an ineffective form of teaching (2001). This claim lays on the idea that the other forms of feedback make a more impressive difference. This is because recasts are unable to prove the difference they make. Recasts in their own form are indefinite in showing he progress that is obtained from being used. The advantage of recasts is their similarity to different types of corrective methods used to L2 learning. This makes 50% of the results used by this form prove to be of great benefit to any learner. Recasts take up different forms. Each form has different characteristics which help determine the effectiveness of its model. The success of this form is evident in the help it provides to the learner and the use of this form. Thus, despite the overriding criticism, this essay will move to prove the different types of recasts and the methods that can be employed to make it a very effective form of learning. Research: including theoretical articles and reviews on this form of study have found support that a linguistic form of teaching adds to the communication that focuses solely on creating meaning and is thus of great help in the classroom (Doughty & Williams). Greater emphasis is laid for focus on form because it allows the student to learn from mistakes that arise in linguistics instead of paying too much attention to meaning and communication (Long 2002). This allows a natural flow in the class as it allows the student to learn from their mistakes instead of focusing on a specific and particular way of teaching. This is known as response moves and allows the student to decipher their own error in the words they make. van Lier considers this form of recast to be present in the interaction that exists in a classroom (2007). The different types of forms vary in their context. For instance, incidental feedback is provided to students during a routine use of the language (Ellis 2001). This mode is useful in classroom because it allows the instructor to improvise and assist in teaching without any form of pressure on a student. It also helps because it allows the student to learn through their mistakes. The other type of feedback is known as corrective feedback. This is when the student uses the language verbally allowing any error to be easily identified by fixing the correctness and exactness that will be evident in communication (Seedhouse 2006). The form is effectiveness in its use because it allows the teacher to know the exact mistakes made by the student and correct them during the communication process. These forms of feedback are seen as immensely useful because of their ability to shift the focus from the content to form. Thus, instead of focusing on the idea that a mistake has been made, form ins tead implies the presence of an error (Ellis, Loewen & Erlam). By using this method of feedback, the student is encouraged to realize their own mistake. The teacher

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations Management - Essay Example In this regard, process charts can be used at different levels depending on the details required and the stage of analysis. In all the representations of the process charts, there are common symbols that are used. The symbols were first developed and used by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (Institute of Management Services, 2011). The symbols are presented here below with their implications. This symbol represents an ongoing operation. It is the main step implying that a product or material is undergoing some modification This is a symbol for inspection. It signifies a check for quality of services or products in the process (Graham, 2008, p.1). This indicates the movements (transportation) of products or workers in the execution of a process (Graham, 2008, p.1). This represents storage whereby materials are received in the storage sections or issued from the storage houses (Graham, 2008, p.1). This shows a delay or temporary storage in the process. It can also re present equipment that has been put aside up to when it will be needed in the due course Process charts are significant as they indicate the actual situation at work rather than a theoretical perspective of the situation (Graham, 2008, p.4). The above symbols are used to present a process chart of the operations involved in a trip by an airplane from Gen Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport to some destination and back to the airport. The Logan international airport is the only international airport in Massachusetts and is served by over 40 international airlines (Maps of World, 2011). It involves an air trip from Logan International Airport to Amsterdam, Netherlands using KLM-Royal Dutch Airlines. The forth and back journeys take approximately 7 hours 15 minutes each without any stoppages. The activities involved in the entire process and their respective categories are presented in the chart. Time (hours) Chart Symbols Process description - N Booking of flights by the passe ngers .5 Arrival of the passengers at the Logan International Airport 1 ? Verification of the reservation by the travel attendants .5 ? Referring the passengers with incorrect information to the travel agency for verification ? Receiving and checking the baggage of the passengers ? Printing the receipts for the passengers’ baggage 1 ? Printing boarding card for all the passengers with or without a luggage ? Issuing the travel documents to the passengers .15 ? Checking the conditions of the aircraft - N Obtaining information on the weather conditions .5 ? Queuing of the passengers as they are checked-in and ushered into the aircraft in readiness for the departure - ? Departure from Logan International airport - On-board services like sales of snacks and other products or services offered by the travel agency 7.25 Air traffic control - ? Ground handling- Coordination with the attendants at the destination airport on the landing condition - ? Arrival at Amsterdam .5 ? Checking o ut of the passengers from the aircraft by the travel assistants .5 ? Verifications of the conditions of the passengers’ baggage using the baggage receipts 1 ? Verification (checking –in) of the travel documents by the travel agency at Amsterdam airport - Passenger’s departure to their different destination .5 ? Arrival of the passengers in readiness for the return journey 1 ? Verification

Why is the dispute settlement body of the WTO so important,and how is Essay

Why is the dispute settlement body of the WTO so important,and how is it affecting the EU - Essay Example te resolution committee has so much power over domestic regulation and has contributed to its criticism in European countries and others that the organization has ruled against. This essay embark on analyzing the effectiveness of WTO dispute resolution in the EU vs. US Hormone Treated Beef Dispute, Asbestos Containing Product case and other effective role. The case of the European Communities on the issue of asbestos presented a big challenge to the World Trade Organization because the matter are relatively incline to domestic health and safety more than the synonymous of the constitution framework of WTO dispute resolution tribunal on free trade practices (Footer & ZIa-Zarifi, 2002). The use of asbestos as an industrial product date back over 100 years ago, but its effect on human health was document in the 19th Century when it deposits were found in products in Ural and Quebec in Canada (Footer & ZIa-Zarifi, 2002). It was found to have a considerable effect in human health by causing life threatening illness such as lung cancer, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis and Pleural cancer (Footer & ZIa-Zarifi, 2002). For this reason scholars and medical practitioner have called for control use of the product to minimize and mitigate the adverse effect of asbestos. France has restricted the importation of asbestos product from Canada as a result of the effect of the deadly carcinogen. Moreover, the country has provided favorable conditions to other commodities that came in the country from Canada and other countries. Therefore, Canada was aggrieved by the discrimination of it product and took the issue to the WTO dispute tribunal which upon hearing the case found France to have faulted the Article III: 4 of GATT regulations (Howse & Tuerk, n.d.). The economic situation of the period before the start of the Second World War was characterized by discrimination among trade partners where one country would export more goods and restrict others to access their own market in their

Discuss NEEDS & RIGHTS pilicy themes in relation to apractice Essay

Discuss NEEDS & RIGHTS pilicy themes in relation to apractice setting(FAMILIES AND CHILDREN CONTACT CENTRE) - Essay Example A social policy should thus provide a child centred model to enable the social workers working with families and children provide services without any difficult. This would also empower children to navigate through the family change using a holistic systematic approach Alcock et al.2007). The changing nature of family life and children demands that policies should be flexible to adapt to these changing circumstances. Needs and rights themes in policies are very important in relation to working with families and children. There is need for collective social response to address these issues. Needs and rights policy themes if well formulated can regulate how families and children in need of the social care can be assisted (Spicker 2008). In working with families I have realized that children are in dire need of achieving their rights and meeting their needs. This can only be done with a policy that focuses on the rights and needs of children in question (Barnett & Hustedt, 2005). In my engagement with the families and children, I found out that many children suffer from sexual abuse, physical abuse, serious willful neglect that affects them mentally. This includes failure to provide for them the necessities of life or where a child witnesses violence resulting in or having the potential to result to serious injury to a family member or even death. The child protection protocol states that such instances should be reported to the policy for investigation but have found out that in many instances these cases are not investigated and if investigated the government do not take any action (Dickens, 2010). There should be a policy to address these issues affecting children and families. The policy available does not address fully the issues that we experience at the contact centre. Many of the issues are tricky and hence demand a harmonious consideration of the issues and provide the necessary support but this can only be possible the social policy will be in place to a ddresses the needs and rights of the families and children involved. Most children need social support from other people to survive and this support with a well established framework will enable them to avoid stress. Social support should be the major theoretical framework of the policies that are formulated. For children at risk, accessible and positive social support can play a vital role in addressing their needs and rights (Barnett & Hustedt, 2005). Children and families we work with have needs and rights that are fundamental and if timely interventions are not taken, these rights and needs would not be realized. Working with families and children one realizes that in spite of the challenges that most of them go through, they have survived and are capable of leading a successful live. Therefore one of the needs and rights of the families and children undergoing difficulties should be entrenched in policies because their rights have to be protected despite the challenges. While w orking with children and families at the contact centre I realized that children in separated families have a higher chance of encountering many problems in life. For instance, most perform poorly in school, they are usually in need of medical attention and need help in most of other areas to ensure they attain their full potential. We work with parents to support them through the changes that

Can poverty be stoped in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Can poverty be stoped in Africa - Essay Example But such basic causes are quite intractable and not easily eradicated. In most cases, the causes and effects of poverty interact, so that what makes people poor also creates conditions that keep them poor. Primary factors that may lead to poverty include (1) overpopulation, (2) the unequal distribution of resources in the world economy, (3) inability to meet high standards of living and costs of living, (4) inadequate education and employment opportunities, (5) environmental degradation, (6) certain economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives" ( Microsoft Encarta 2006 ). Just like many third world countries, Africa is not exempted from incurring debts. Many western governments have made promises to either reduce or remove the massive burden of debt in Africa. Yet, in most African countries, the people still devote most of their land planting and producing cash crops to pay off these debts. However, the debt is so enormous that the possibility to pay the debt off is next to impossible. This creates a vicious cycle in Africa's economy, with the government and its people burrowed deeper into this situation. The phenomenon of jobless economic growth that increases income inequalities and generates too few jobs for low income groups poses a serious threat to the well-being of many nations, both North and South. Government policies should consider not only aggregate economic impact but also the distribution of employment. Socially responsible venture capital and microcredit initiatives can foster employment-generating businesses that complement the local culture and environment. .b. Rout out corruption, which harms society as a whole. Corruption, both in government and business, places heavy cost on society. Businesses should enact, publicize and follow codes of conduct banning corruption on the part of their staff and directors. Citizens must demand greater transparency on the part of both government and the corporate sector and create reform movements where needed. b. Broaden access to education and technology among marginalized groups, and especially among girls and women. The educational attainment of women has strong bearing on the well-being of their families, and efforts to improve education for women and girls must be strengthened. At the same time, steps should be taken to ensure that the current revolution in information technology benefits marginalized groups. This must begin in school. c. Improve government capacity to provide universal access to essential goods and services, including potable water, affordable food, primary health care, education, housing and other social services. Governments around the world have made commitments to this through the 20/20 Initiative, which calls for 20% of national budgets and 20% of foreign aid to be spent on human services. But raising adequate

Civil Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Civil Society - Research Paper Example Therefore a civil society includes: Keeping in view the above scenario, it can be asserted that the role of civil society is extremely important as it plays the role of an umpire that functions to judge the conditions or the society. The different segments of the society which include the market, the state and the households perform their roles in an independent fashion. The civil society is the connecting link between these segments and plays its role to harmonize the interactions that exist between various segments. The reaction of civil society to any undue happening in this interaction is manifested in the form of protest. Kant’s opinion is that there is no universal law that can govern the functioning of all civil societies. Therefore, the development of a law to govern the functioning of a civil society may only regulate the society’s interaction with external factors. According to Kant, if such a universal law and a universal civil society were to exist it would be equal to universal peace. Civil society has also been used typically to develop public reasoning and resistance to forward deliberation and thinking. This process leads to the political process of voting and hence determines individual choices. However, Habermas disagrees; he believes that such open discussion do not always produce optimistic and positive results and can sometimes lead to disruptive influences. He proposes to use control over such debates in public open spaces and freedom of expression should be limited to bringing the society to a good turn. Regulator: the civil society keeps tabs on the State and the marketplace and keeps them in check. It compares their relative performances, their performance worldwide and their performance in accordance with the prevalent laws and brings all the key points of the errors to check and balance. Activist: the element of change

Pennsylvania Drunk Driving Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pennsylvania Drunk Driving Laws - Essay Example With the passage of Senate Bill 8 and the signature of the governor, Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) 75 Pa. CS [3802] became the new law for Driving under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs in Pennsylvania. The new law made sweeping changes to many aspects of this statute. Most notably, the limit for conviction for DUI was lowered from .10 to .08 percent blood alcohol content (BAC) which brought Pennsylvania in line with the guidelines established by the federal government. Another sweeping reform to the new law is found in its three tier system. For the first time there are variant levels enforcement based on the drivers BAC. These tiers are: .08 to less than .10; .10 to less than .16; and .16 and above (Madigan et al., 2003, screen 1). The varying tiers have increasing penalties for both repeat and first time offenders. All people arrested now with a BAC of .16 or greater regardless of whether a first offender or a repeat offend will be required to undergo a full drug and alcohol abuse assessment with no exceptions. If they are found to be dependent, in addition to other sanctions imposed, the court can order them to undergo an approved drug and/or alcohol treatment program. Additionally, as BAC level rise and/or the person are a repeat offender, the fines imposed are increased dramatically. Another change with the new legislation is the requirement for repeat offenders to have an ignition interlock system installed in their vehicle when they are eligible for a return of their license. The cost of installation rests with the offender. This type of system requires the driver to breathe into a tube which is, in effect, a breathalyzer, if alcohol is detected the system will not allow the car ignition to engage. This ignition interlock system is required to be maintained within the vehicle for one year upon receipt of their provisional driving privilege reinstatement. If a defendant is eligible for reinstatement of his driving privileges but does not have the locking system installed his driving suspension then remains in affect for an additional year (the period of time required to have the interlock system) (Madigan et al., 2003, screen 1). A brief synopsis of the various tiers and penalties is provided. A tier one offense for a first time offender where there was no personal injury or property damage. The penalties are: $300 fine, no license suspension, up to six months probation and attend

Where did I go wrong in life My independent life Essay

Where did I go wrong in life My independent life - Essay Example Life was too perfect and boring with no sense of adventure and excitement. Finally, my fervent application to numerous agencies bore fruit and my first joining letter came with an attractive pay cheque, with separate room rent. Informing my parents about my decision to move out to a separate apartment in the proximity of my office, I landed into a studio apartment. The feeling was one of elation and ecstasy, for there won't be anybody to check me litter the house, nor will my pa be here to switch off the music when I listen to it full blast. I can watch my favourite TV show, without having to battle over the remote with my brother. I am finally on my own and nobody can dictate me what to and what not to do. With a feeling of euphoria, I started my independent life, which lacked discipline and a complete chaos prevailed at my apartment. I often reach home late and called friends over, partying away the entire night, and go to work the next day without sleeping a wink.

Gift from the Sea Essay Example for Free

Gift from the Sea Essay â€Å"One should lie empty, open, choiceless as a beachwaiting for a gift from the sea. † Anne Morrow Lindbergh Gift from the Sea (17). Although some may see the differences in my life’s goals and objectives to be far greater than the similarities of that of Anne Morrow Lindbergh, commonalities between our goals and lives do exist. I feel that I am a motivated and ambitious person in my own right, although my personal career path is leading me towards the area of business management. In her book, Gift from the Sea, Anne Morrow Lindbergh always mentioned the importance of balance and alone time in one’s life. She wrote on how it is important to remember to be one’s self in addition to being a parent. Lindbergh reiterated throughout the book on the importance of alone time with one’s self and alone time with one’s partner. My personal goals and objective have always included time alone, time alone with my significant other and individual growth along with growing within a family structure. These objectives are all ones that have been and will continue to be important in my life. In what would be considered a more personal and spiritual side, I can also relate to Ms. Lindbergh. On page 69 of her book she writes, â€Å"True identity is found in creativity activity springing from within. It is found, paradoxically, when one loses oneself. One must lose one’s life to find it,† (â€Å"Gift† 69). Many people probably think of this concept as a relatively new one. I was surprised to find it within the covers of this 1955 book. Although we can find it in religious text, here Anne Morrow Lindbergh is also using it to the importance of women giving themselves alone time regardless of their economic status in life. She goes on to say in her own way that we all die alone so it is important that we each make for ourselves the quiet connection time to understand ourselves. Lindbergh relates to the reader that it is only through understanding ourselves can we really understand our family and others in general. I too can relate to this and make this an important part of my life. What I wouldn’t want to do is to get in a daily routine while half-consciously allowing this routine life to take me through life. So that too is an objective in both my personal and professional life and goals. I consciously make the time to meditate on what I’m currently doing, where my current path is leading me and in doing this, take the extra time to consider whether I need to make changes that will lead me closer towards all of my personal and professional goals and objectives. Part of Lindberg’s life goals and objectives were in making it a priority in balancing her family life, her time with her spouse, time with her children and her alone time. She would do this while at the same time still accomplishing things in life she felt were important for her as an individual to accomplish in her lifetime. Not only is this an objective of mine, but most likely an objective of many. Her family’s wealth and education contributed in her being able to accomplish some of her goals and objectives while understanding the importance of each of them. Through my personal education process, I am realizing the importance of my own goals and objectives and taking the time to contemplate and follow through with each one of them. We can all have hopes and dreams but as Anne Morrow Lindbergh helps me and others to understand, it’s the follow through part that can separate us from those who merely have hopes, dreams, goals and objectives in our lives. Not least of all, I like Anne have a great fondness for the water, the shells, having a private sanctuary where there are few necessities. â€Å"Patience—Faith—Openess, is what the sea has to teach. Simplicity—Solitude—Intermittency†¦But there are other beaches to explore. There are more shells to find. This is only the beginning† (Gift, 128). Anne Morrow Lindbergh was most famously known for being married to Charles Lindbergh, the man who piloted the first solo non-stop Transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. However, in her own right, Anne became a co-pilot in many of Charles Lindbergh’s historic flights along with authoring and co-authoring books, diaries and poetry. In 1930, Anne Morrow Lindbergh was also the first American woman to earn the First Class Glider Pilot’s License. Along with her husband she explored and charted different air routes between different continents. Her and Charles were the first two people in history to fly from Africa to South America. Anne was married to Charles Lindbergh for 45 years. Anne Morrow Lindbergh died the seventh day of February, 2001. Bibliography â€Å"Anne Morrow Lindbergh. † Biography Resource Center. â€Å"Contemporary Authors Online. † Thomson-Gale, 2007. Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, and Carl Howard Pforzheimer. Gift from the Sea. New York: Pantheon, 1955.

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay Abstract The following report is aimed at examining the economies of scale concept and strategies in the airline industry. This document is divided into several pieces which discuss the impact of the economies of scale on the main aspects of the airline industry. The last section of the document concludes. Introduction The financial aim of firms is to increase the shareholders capital (Atril, P., Mc Laney E., 2008). Business management, then, have to either optimize asset utilization or reduce firms costs. Current economic situation have managed industries to achieve historic levels of asset optimization. Therefore, special emphasis had been put in cost reduction strategies during the last decade (Akan, M., Ata, B., Lariviere, M. A., 2011). Airline companies were one of the industries which suffered, almost immediately, the effect of these new market conditions. To cope with this scenario, the industry implemented several cost saving strategies; among them the economies of scale'(EoS). The following document is aimed at examining the term EoS and analysing how applicable the concept is to major carriers/airlines. The document is divided into eight pieces. The first discusses how the EoS applies to the airline industry. The remained sections comment on how the EoS affects: the airlines purchasing process, managerial procedures, marketing, technology usage, consolidation, and the open skies strategy. The last section concludes. Economies of scale in airlines EoS can be defined as any cost reductions, responding to increased demand for output, moving along a given, downward-sloping long run cost curve (Grieve, R. H., 2010). In other words, the demand allows firms, in this case airlines, to distribute costs over a greater number of products/services. Airlines have put in place several strategies to increase the number of flights. Among them: ticket-selling process optimization, in-flight meal reduction/suppression, alliances, and consolidations (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS concept assumes that increasing returns emerge at the level of the firm. However, some authors claim that EoS does contribute to cost reductions, but turnover growth does not generally manifest itself in this manner. Empirical evidence has shown that EoS only helped those airlines which do not lose their identity when demand increases. That is, Airlines which do not lose the control of the service delivery even they rely in a complex provider structure. Following this train of thought, EoS are of little importance in accounting for increasing returns, since these return rates are attributable to other factors such as external economies or industrial differentiation (Grieve, R. H., 2010). A successful example of EoS implementation is Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a network of 24 member airlines. Lufthansa and United airlines have registered an important growth in its passenger airline group during 2010 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Whereas, a failed implementation, MexicanaClick, a low cost airline which was property of the second largest Mexican carrier (Mexicana), did not produced the expected results (BBC, 2010). The EoS effects in purchasing processes The implementation of EoS has forced airlines to change their business model. Traditionally, ticket selling was made in two main forms: over the airline counter or via an agent. Information Technologies (IT) have modified this process. Customer can directly make reservations and buy tickets without by themselves. Therefore, ticket agents have evolved to electronic system which provided the function of searching, reserving, and selling tickets making the purchasing process more accurate, fast, and reliable (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). In the same manner, EoS has managed airlines to establish stronger relationships with their suppliers. For instance, the supply IT systems have allow airlines to avoid intermediaries in the requisition of resources since mid 80s, therefore, their logistic costs have decreased (Caves, D. W., et al, 1984). Investments in these matters have allowed Lufthansa to be the third largest airlines of Europe, and the worlds fifth largest airline in terms of overall passengers (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). EoS and managerial procedures Outsourcing is the most recurrent strategy of the EoS. By outsourcing activities, the airline allows market forces to reduce the costs of subcontractors who offer for the business (Harvey, G., 2009). However, some author claim that high specialization, in providers, jeopardize business continuity of the outsourced firm (Grieve, R. H., 2010). Nowadays, airline employees are based in different parts of the world, sometimes in places where salaries and benefits are lower than their airline-home based colleagues. In this manner, airlines have also relocated business functions to take advantage of lower wages and social charges incurred in some countries. For instance, British Airways relocated its ticket processing function to New Delhi (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS and marketing Marketing function has also been affected by EoS. Alliances have switched this function to major airlines. Major airlines are responsible for the marketing trips for routes which are composed of international and local courses. In this manner, major companies deliver the international legs of the trip and regional airlines the local ones. When the complete journey is made by two major companies, the role of major and regional firms are switched. That is, the airline which delivers the international leg is responsible for the marketing duties of that trip and vice versa. Additionally, these functions are, most of the times, outsourced. The flight Atlanta-Barcelona is a good example. British Airways is responsible for the marketing of that route, but it only delivers the track from Atlanta to London. The second leg, London-Barcelona is delivered by Iberia; whereas in the route Barcelona-Atlanta, these functions are switched (Wright, C. P., et al, 2010). In the case of regional or small companies, marketing function is totally absorbed by the major company, since regional/small firms do not have the required infrastructure to perform this task (Forbes, S. J., Lederman, M., 2010). Technology in airlines IT systems are the most popular EoS strategy. They have not only changed the airlines purchasing process, but also have optimized the occupation and improved the communication with providers (Pilarski, A., 2005). However, that is not enough. Energy represents one of the biggest costs of the airlines. Air France-KLM and Air China reported that fuel costs accounted for almost 39% of its global costs in the fiscal year 2009 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Thus, better engine technology, logistic, and route planning system will help the airlines to reduce these costs. Airlines have not been able to apply EoS to aircraft technology since they have a higher dependency in two main providers: Airbus and Boeing (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Generally speaking, the whole industry efficiency depends upon technological advances and cost improvement that these two companies may achieve. Therefore, it can be said that all technology which does not directly depend upon airlines is already optimized. Air France-KLM and Delta are a good example of technological optimization since some of their process like luggage registering and check-in can be done by the customer himself avoiding long queues. Consolidation of the airline industry Consolidation is also a well known EoS strategy. Consolidation is mainly aimed at reducing costs by combining mature and efficient processes into one unique entity (Oum, T. H., et al, 1995). Some authors claim that consolidations make airlines to increase their market share. However, Empirical evidence has shown that market share remains stable. For instance, in the 70s five US airlines controlled 87% of the global market. In 2003, none of these five airlines exist, although the share of the top-10 airlines in all traffic was 86% (Pilarski, A., 2005). On the other hand, consolidations are long and complex processes due to tax and aeronautical regulations. Alliances have been a optional strategy for consolidations. Alliances is formed by any two airlines that exchange interline passengers and that have a proration agreement for the revenue collected from the sale of interline itineraries. In this manner, an airline can expand its destinations and, therefore, increase its revenues. In 2006, 59% of all worldwide available seat miles were flown by airlines belonging to one of the three largest international alliances: Star, SkyTeam, or oneworld. Alliance activity is expected to continue growing (Wright, et al, 2010). Therefore, alliances seem to be the right strategy for the industry. Open skies strategy The open skies strategy consists on allowing airlines to fly within one country, that is, no restriction in local services. In this fashion, an airline may design routes to cover local routes and directly compete with regional firms. The agreement between US and the EU allows airlines to reduce costs of share codes and to improve their costing schema. European airlines which are already consolidated with American ones can operate as one entity, because they do not have restrictions to operate in both regions and vice versa. However, European Court of Justice has found that this agreement is breaking the law, thus, some amendments have to be done to this agreement (Yu-Chun, C., et al, 2009). Open skies strategy is not a direct result of the EoS, but a mean to achieve it. This strategy was created to impulse airline industry in the 1940s. Thus, agreements like that in other regions will allow airlines to reduce their costing schema and to increase their market participation. Conclusions Airline industry is the foundation stone of the current global commerce. Its high efficiency has allowed firms to sell their products in other regions with competitive prices. On the other hand, this industry is a facilitator for some others. Its relevance has been exposed during natural disasters when airports are blocked and products cannot be transported. Current economy cannot be understood without air transportation. The challenge of airlines, now, is to find creative ways to continue their optimization and profitable continuity. Airline industry allows us not only to reach any part of the world, but also to have a competitive and trustable economic system.

John Steinbecks East of Eden: Modern Biblical Story of Cain and Abel E

John Steinbeck's East of Eden: Modern Biblical Story of Cain and Abel " And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and slew him. And the Lord said unto Cain, ' Where is Abel thy brother?' And he said, ' I know not. Am I my brother's keeper?' And he said, ' What hast thou done? The voice of thy brother's blood crieth unto me from the ground. And now thou art cursed from the earth, which hath opened her mouth to receive thy brother's blood from thy hand. When thou tillest the ground it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength; a fugitive and vagabond shalt thou be in the earth.' And Cain said unto the Lord, ' My punishment is greater than I can bear. Behold, thou hast driven me out this day from the face of the earth, and from thy face shall I be hid. And I shall be a fugitive and a vagabond in the earth" (Genesis 4:8-1, KJV). The story of Cain and Abel is probably one of the most violent and unsettling stories of the Bible. It is probably the most unsettling because it tells the truth about mankind. Rejection is the one thing that all of mankind fears, and when one is rejected anger follows. With anger comes the need to commit a crime of revenge, and with this crime comes guilt. Almost everyone has experienced this in some way. East of Eden (1952) by John Steinbeck is a modern retelling of the biblical tragedy of Cain and Abel. The story is reenacted through the lives of two generations of the Trask family. Cyrus Trask, the patriarch of the family and his two sons Adam and Charles live on a farm in Conneticut. Charles cries out in anguish for his father's love, but his father ignores his cries and loves Adam best... ...il and do goodness. John Steinbeck writes, " We have only one story. All novels, all poetry, are built on the never-ending contest in ourselves of good and evil. And it occurs to me that evil must constantly respawn, while good, is immortal. Vice has always a new fresh young face, while virtue is venerable as nothing else in the world is" (415). In East of Eden, John Steinbeck creates this world of good and evil. All of the characters are faced with good and evil, and only one is able to triumph over evil. Cal is the representation of what everyone can be. It is possible for everyone to overcome evil if he or she decides to destroy the evil within his or her soul. WORKS CITED Steinbeck, John. Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics: East of Eden. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc., 1992. The Bible. King James Version. World Bible Publishers, Inc.

Forensic Linguistics Assignment Essay -- Forensic Science

Speech analysis has a type called the voice stress analysis that detects stress in the form of micro tremors in the speech of a person. It is important to note that the voice stress analysis is equivalent to polygraph. Both polygraph and stress have a common problem of not being able to point out deception. This notwithstanding, the speech analysis is apparently being used by both the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States. The fact that each and every person possesses a unique voiceprint makes the identification of a speaker to be theoretically possible. This can be achieved through acoustic analysis of the intonation counters, pitch and vowel length. When the pairs of the spectrographs that show the suspect speaker and the known speaker uttering similar words are matched, the speaker can be easily identified (Olsson 2004, p. 71). The fact that voice stress analysis relies on eye comparison is a big problem. Another problem involves the variation that occurs in the same speaker. It is reported that the uttering of the same sentence a hundred times in quick succession does not produce any two identical uttering. Some countries like the United Kingdom, however, prefer auditory analysis as opposed to the acoustic method. In auditory analysis, the speech samples are phonetically transcribed. This analysis is important as it allows the analysts to identify such features that are idiosyncratic like the speech impediments and the unusual realization of phonemes. Besides, the analysts might find the need to profile the social and regional identity of the speaker. Speech analysis nowadays accepts the mixed method as the most accurate and reliable. It can found its application in situat... ... and textual analysis (Gibbons 2003, p. 26). Works Cited Coulthard, M, & Johnson, A 2007, an introduction to forensic linguistics: language in evidence, Routledge, New York. Gibbons, J 2003, Forensic linguistics: an introduction to language in the justice system, Blackwell Pub, Malden. Gibbons, J, & Turell, TM 2008, Dimensions of forensic linguistics, John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam. Jordan, SN 2002, Forensic linguistics: the linguistic analyst and expert witness of language evidence in criminal trials, Biola University, La Mirada. McMenamin, GR, & Choi, D 2002 Forensic linguistics: advances in forensic stylistics, Crc Press, Boca Raton. Olsson, J 2008, Forensic linguistics, Continuum, London. Olsson, J 2004, Forensic linguistics: an introduction to language, crime, and the law, Continuum International Publishing Group, London .

The Curse of the Hemingways Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Paper

The Curse of the Hemingways â€Å"Can someone be predisposed to be suicidal?† That is the question that plagues many Hemingway scholars, and indeed it seems that it exists in the Hemingway lineage. Ernest Hemingway’s family tree is dotted with suicides and sudden tragic deaths, too many occurrences for one to merely disregard such tragedies as coincidence. Some believe that there exists the so- called â€Å"curse of the Hemingways,† a way to explain the many deaths within the Hemingway family due to drug overdose or self-inflicted gunshot wounds. Ernest’s case is the most well known, but suicide also struck his father, sister, brother, son, and granddaughter. The suicides among Ernest’s parents and siblings family are numerous. Clarence Hemingway, Ernest's father, killed himself in 1928. Clarence was fervently religious, providing much of Ernest’s moral education in his younger years. However, Clarence battled depression and diabetes, and in the end shot himself in the head on December 6, 1928. Ernest’s closest younger sister, Ursula, suffered from cancer and bouts of depression, and killed herself in a drug overdose on October 30, 1966. Ernest’s brother Leicester was the youngest in the family, the only other male after Clarence’s sudden death. He was a writer like Ernest, but depression and diabetes gripped him and Leicester shot himself on September 15, 1982, after finding out he needed to amputate his legs. The rest of Ernest Hemingway’s family also has had a share of sudden deaths and suicides. Ernest’s second wife, Pauline Pffeifer Hemingway, died suddenly of abdominal pain and internal bleeding. He had lived with her for 13 years and had two children together, Gregory and Patrick. Gregory Hemingway lived a tragic, wretch... ...9/hemingway/stories/biography/index.html - I took from this site the date and causes of death for Leicester, Ursula, and Pauline Hemingway. http://www.timelesshemingway.com/familytree.shtml This site contained the family tree of the Hemingways. http://www.cvc3.org/modelcourses/mrogoff/Macomber.html#SUICIDE%20IN%20THE%20HEMINGWAY%20FAMILY: This site listed the members of the Hemingway family that committed suicide. http://www.advocate.com/html/stories/851/851_hemingway.asp -This site had information concerning Gregory Hemingway’s life and death. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9608/20/hemingway.suicide/ This site had information on Margaux Hemingway. http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/Aficionado/people/fa899.html This site contained the most information on Ernest of any other website, where I gleaned the history of his accidents and his alcoholism.

Macro Effects of massive Earthquake

The earthquake also caused a high tsunami which breached the safety of nuclear plants in Fukushima prefecture. What is worse, though, is it caused a partial meltdown, and now Japanese citizens not only suffered by damage of earthquake itself but also the dangerous level of radiation from the plants. On June 10th 2013, a Japanese National Police Agency announced there were 1 5,883 confirmed deaths, 6,145 injured, and 2,671 people missing, as well as 126,458 buildings totally collapsed, with a further 272,191 buildings ‘half collapsed', and another 741,684 buildings partially damaged(â€Å"Countermeasures†).This is the largest economic shock for the Japanese economy since the end of World War II. It may take some time before the full economic impact of the earthquake is known, but we can still look at the scale of earthquake economically by comparing it with the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 19951 in Japan and how it affected on the economy. Thesis: The Earthquake's Im pacts on Economic Flow and Stocks There are two important points to consider concerning the impact of this catastrophe: flow and stock. Flow is economic activities in everyday life, such as spending, production, income, and many other economic rowths.Stock is a concept representing the abundance at some point in time, such as housing, factories, and social capital and so on. The flow of economic activities was damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. First of all, the earthquake and tsunami caused an impediment in physical economic activities such as production and consumption in the disaster area. Next, they cut off the distribution to the disaster area, and the connection between products and point of consumption was no longer smooth. Thirdly, it affected consumers psychologically.Less people spent money for entertainment and leisure, and the economy xperienced a sharp downturn in consumption. At the time of the Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake, the consumption and production activit ies fell immediately after the earthquake, but the economy slowly recovered which is mentioned later at the Impact on Japanese Macro Economy. In comparison, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami is larger than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake, and it caused nuclear power plant accident which caused serious radiation problem and the huge power outages.It got goes worse and worse, and it will have a quite long effect on its economy. The earthquake and tsunami also caused a large loss of stocks. Stocks that about 102. 31 billion US dollars. This was equivalent to 0. 8% of the stock of the whole country. Compares to the Great East Japan earthquake and Tsunami, the loss amount is much greater than the scale of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. It caused crucial widespread damage on coastal areas in eastern Japan. Japan Cabinet Office estimated the loss was approximately 173 billion dollars, and it is still not completely determined yet (â€Å"Economic Basic Data†).Impact on Japanese Macro Economy In response to the earthquake, Japan's economy was confused; there was a sharp ecline of production activities, decline of exports, and self-restraint of consumption. Japanese macro economy recorded a big decline after the earthquake. The real GDP growth rate in first quarter of 2011 declined 0. 9%, and second quarter in 2011 for 0. 5% decrease. In the case of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 1995, on the other hand, there was a slight increase of about 0. 009% in first quarter of 1995.It was backed by strong yen, and the real GDP growth rate had an upward trend until first quarter of 1997. Even Hyogo Prefecture which was worst disaster area, showed a apid recovery as early as the second quarter of 1997. It is back up to 0. 04% growth (â€Å"Economic Basic Date†). If one takes the Japanese economic growth from 1995 into account, the Great East Japan Earthquake was worse than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. Antithesis However, there are some researchers who propose the positive effects from the disaster by economic points of view.The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology published there is a decline in suicide in disaster area. In Yamagata- prefecture, one of large damaged area from the earthquake had recorded 43 ecreases on suicidal case in 2011. It recorded there were less than 300 cases of suicide in the prefecture since 1998(â€Å"The Decline in Northeastern Japan Suicide Rate after the Earthquake†). In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare also published that the rate of suicide is significantly decreasing nation-wide.It decreased 1039 total suicide cases in 2011(â€Å"Suicide Measures†). It explained suicide rate is strongly linked to economic figures, and there was a Job increase in the waste disposal business and construction industry with the reconstruction budget injection. It will enhance the economy and thus leads to a decrease in the suicide rate. Furthermore, the earthq uake had an effect on the aging population in Japan. To begin with, there was a high rate of elderly population in the area which had devastating damage by the earthquake and tsunami.For instance, there were towns called Otsuchi and Yamada that had over 40% of the population was people over 60 years old, and 30% by elderly people (â€Å"Estimated Future Population of Japanese Municipalities†). Japan has a huge aging problem, and it is estimated that the elderly will make up one third of the Japanese population in 2030. A relatively large number of elderly people were victims of the disaster, and the decrease of the amount of the aging population ease aging problem although it will Just have effect a short term on its demographic figure overall (Kouno).Synthesis Next, I will diagnose the macro-interaction to the earthquake with Japanese disaster mitigation policy. The Japanese government takes mitigation policies to recover the economic crisis caused by The Great East Japan Ea rthquake and Tsunami. First, they put large capital investment in its economy after the disaster. The Central Bank of ncluding quantitative easing and qualitative easing, which aims to break away from deflation. In addition, they claim there is no need to change the targeted inflation rate of 2%, which was the target set before the earthquake.The Central Bank of Japan was also indicated that they will implement Open-End type2 for government bond and eliminate the three years restriction for payback period for its bond (â€Å"Four Major Policy†) Second, the Japanese government tries to break away from deflation and encourage weak yen. In order to stimulate the recovery of production and anufacturing, and to support active economic activity, Japan is resuming the nuclear power plant gradually with new enhanced safety standards.This will be the basis for favorable production conditions in Japan. Japanese Prime minister Shinzo Abe takes a new policy of trade promotion and is tryi ng to enhance the competitive position of Japan's export-driven economy in international markets. A Weak yen is the direct way to enhance the export driven economy though Japanese trade is still in the difficult situation. There is a deterioration of the trade balance, and it has experienced decrease on current account surplus three months in a row.However, because the government sent the clear message of weak yen to the market, Japanese yen becomes cheaper in the past three and a half years. They anticipate the improvement on export. Conclusion In conclusion, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami wreaked enormous damage on Japanese economy. Even though some positive effects were followed by the disaster as some researchers advocated, they have an insignificant effect on the economy because of its tremendous damages which is considered to be one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world.Because it did not only inflict damages to ives and properties but also caused cruci al damages to major nuclear plant stations, this is the most difficult crisis Japan has ever faced after World War II. From my perspective, Japanese government needs to have a more effective growth strategy to increase productivity since the workforce is decreasing. It needs to enhance efficient flow for workforce and capital. For instance, ease the regulation restriction for the workforce, and encourage the diversification on human resources. It is significant that government help to reform the active business activities for Japanese economy recovery.

Gas Chromatography

fluid CHROMATOGRAPHY EXPERIMENT The purpose of this experiment is for the educatee 1)to attain the general theoretical aspects of flatulency chromatography as a separation method, 2)to learn how to operate turgidity chromatographs specific to COD, 3)to have familiar with using the gas chromatograph (GC) to qualitatively site comp one(a)nts of mixtures, 4)to be introduced to and to interpret the quantifiable data available via gas chromatography, 5)to extend to insight into how the GC technique is employ in the chemical industry both as a qualitative and numerical tool.As a means of accomplishing these objectives, we will guarantee to identify the three major constitutive(a) components of cardinal different kinds of nail complicate remover. PRELAB ASSIGNMENT Read Technique 22 in Pavia, 4th ed. Be current that you understand the components of a gas chromatograph and the factors affecting separation. Pay particular attention to the definitions of retentiveness time and resolution and how the GC trick be subroutined for qualitative analysis. fill up out a gold tacking for all compounds present in the empurpled nail fall remover as listed below. spell out a procedural flow chart for the experiment. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Each assimilator will be required to demonstrate at to the lowest degree one snapshot into the GC. Each student will besides be a member of a convention and will shargon training and chromatograms with other group members and between groups. all in all GC hitions will be one micro-liter sandwiched injections. The procedure for preparing the syringe is described below. clothe your ideal in a vitiated test-tube. Rinse the syringe three measure with your sample. Draw approximately 1 micro-liter of aviation into the syringe. Draw 2 or 3 micro-liters of your sample into the syringe with the air. Turn the syringe so that the tip of the needle is pointing up and expel liquid from the syringe until hardly 1 micro-lit er of liquid remains in the syringe. Pull the plunger back and slip by in approximately 1 micro-liter of air. You right away have a 1 micro-liter sample sandwiched between two air bubbles. Your group will be assigned any regular (purple) Revlon nail polish remover or acetone-free (blue) Revlon nail polish remover. The contents are listed below.Your group must gather rich information to be able to identify the three major peaks in the gas chromatogram for your assigned nail polish remover. Acetone, ethyl radical acetate, and isopropyl alcohol in addition to the two nail polish removers will be available as samples for injection. You whitethorn use these chemicals to piddle away mixtures that you will inject into the GC. You may not inject any of these corking liquids (pure chemical samples) because the column may deform overloaded and the peaks will show a lot of trailing.When analyzing the data and planning your mixtures, affirm in mind that our GCs have char ionization descryors that do not detect non-flammable substances such as peeing. Someone in the group will need to inject the assigned nail polish remover into a GC and wait for the instrument to participate the chromatogram. While the GC is cooling down, chase the chromatogram with your name, the name of your sample, and the number of the GC which was used. give birth the instructor initial the original chromatogram.When the seduce indicator light turns green on the GC, another member of the group should make an injection into the same GC in order to have the same data-based conditions for comparisons of results. The chemical make up of this imprimatur and subsequent injections should be determined afterward consultation within the group. You must learn the approval of the instructor before making any mixtures for injection into the GC. Each individual must submit at least one original initialed chromatogram attached to the proceed sheet.All other chromatograms will be obtained from your partners and by exchanging data within a group. The endorse type of nail polish will be analyzed using variety data that will be provided by your instructor. The labels on the two nail polish removers list the contents of each in the following order PURPLE dash drink downBLUE Nail Polish acetoneethyl acetate pissisopropyl alcohol ethyl acetatewater isopropyl alcoholjojoba oil benzophenone-1butyl alcohol dyesbutyl acetate toluene dyes

Frankenstein and Lord of the Flies Essay

Frankenstein and victor of the wing were written in antithetic centuries. Analyse the standardisedities and discuss the differences which you take a vogue water found in these schoolbooks. You should pay particular attention to characterisation, style and theme.bloody shame Shelley wrote Frankenstein in the 18th Century. As in that location was no cinema or television available daybooks were a widely accessible form of entertainment. Particularly marvellous texts a standardized Dracula and Vathek were customary, books like these were non meant to be thought of as a portrayal of realism, this is wherefore Frankenstein is precise unbelievable. Frankenstein is set in a snip when new science posed a curse to Christian beliefs, as society commencement ceremony baseed to believe that hu spell macrocosms could be created. This all seemed genuinely possible in the early 18th Century because Benjamin Franklin had antecedently invented a lightning conductor and in 1802 Ga lvani ran a authentic by means of a frogs legs and it produced a twitch. The thought of jump animation with lightning terrified people because of the d ires it appe bed to pose to reveal kind life.William Golding published skipper of the wing in 1954, nine eld after the end of the molybdenum World War. So there were unchanging conflicts qualifying on amongst Russia and America, Golding utilise the idea of continual fight and portrayed it onto the island. The text concerns a root of public school boys getting trapped on an island after their planing machine crashes they all squander traditional upbringings and attitudes.Other books, which had previously been written such as Swiss Family Robinson and Coral Island, featu ruby-red a like situation entirely with a happier ending, these types of books were all rattling unrealistic and f business lineytale like. William Golding wrote what he thought would rattling happen if whatever single ever faced this situati on. The both clans that expose in master key of the move ( jacks and Ralphs) face Hitler and the Nazis against the allies (America, Great Britain etc). The Italians swapped sides during the war as the Nazis became weaker Sam and Eric bound this as they join squats tribe because Ralphs is less popular. some(prenominal) books throw a focal point umteen similarities and differences between them. The principal(prenominal) similarity is that twain books be astir(predicate) lines of civilisation cosmos broken revealing the darker sides of peoples characters. The boys in Lord of the Flies argon immediately, physi omeny desolate after their plane crashes. No organic structure knows where they be and there argon no adults. In Shelleys book, the character Frankenstein chooses to be stray as his work is much important to him than anything well-nigh him.One similarity between the two books be the characters pig permit and the wildcat. These two characters argon both judge d by their appearance. neanderthal is shorter than the fair boy and in truth fat. He has asthma and thick glasses. The pecker has yellow skin and straight smutty lips, in both graphic symbols we gouge immediately single break that they are physically assorted. Even Frankenstein, the dicks creator dread to behold him. They both dumbfound isolated and victimise because different people see them as being different this creates a feeling of sympathy towards both characters through out(a) the books. They likewise both puddle no parents as Piggys dads dead, and his mum, and the wildcat saidNo beat has watched my infant days, no mformer(a) had blessed mewith smiles and caresses.The wight feels sadness and rejection and believes that having parents is important, this is likewise implicit in the case of Piggy, but the creature has never been love by any mavin so the feeling of depression is greater. It erect be argued however that, in a expressive style the creature has been loved as Frankenstein loved him while he was creating him. When he is brought to life the love he had previously received from Frankenstein ends.The difference between these two characters is that Piggys light is threatening to the other boys as he has some sensible ideas that the boys do non wish to carry out. He saysWhich is better- to contrive rules and agree, or to hunt and kill?The boys ignore him as they have already descended into tribalism at this point. Piggys newsworthiness is threatening because he has a rattling outlined idea of what is right and misemploy and he is a very moral soulfulness. The creatures intelligence is harmless as he only wishes to dress in. However, as the creature constructs more than knowledgeable he disc overed what a wretched outcast he was. He has no idea of what is right and wrong and only exigencys to give way in. The level of intelligence an individual has, whether it is a lot or a smaller flock still make them isolate d from others. From the start of Lord of the Flies we can tell that Piggy wants to fit in by the way he follows Ralph.Ralph disentangled himself cautiously and stole away through thebranches. In a few seconds the fat boys grunts were tramp him.He is last to delegate his hand up to vote for RalphEvery hand outside the sing except Piggys was raised immediately.He hesitates because although he wants to vote for Ralph he does non want to be the only angiotensin-converting enzyme who votes for him. He wants to fit in and not be the odd one out.It is implicit that Piggy was not very popular at school as They used to call him Piggy. This is why he follows Ralph in the way he does he desperately tries to chastise and make friends as he feels depressed and sad nigh his previous school life. He is not very attractive this is a reflection of how people dig him.thither are not just similarities between Piggy and the creature. Frankenstein and Ralph are also similar because although they are in different situations, they both have something they want to achieve. Ralph desperately wants to be rescued from the island. He constantly tries to keep the fire going as The fire is the main thing, because it is a orient to people to show that they are stranded. Frankensteins indicate is to take science a step further by creating new life without using nature. They are both headstrong and both have forget causation to achieve what they want to.Unlike Frankenstein, Ralph sees truth as he acknowledges that if they do not try to get rescued they lead die on the island.without the smoke signal well die hereRalph is further more turn overate than Frankenstein. Frankenstein does not direct the consequences of his actions and as a result of this he creates a disaster. He does not see reality as he becomes so determined to be the first person to create life. firearm Frankenstein is preoccupied with creating life, Ralph believes that preserving life is more important.Frank enstein can also be compared to Simon from Lord of the Flies. They are both symbolic of Christ. Simon passed food raft to outstretched hands and Frankenstein stated thatfood that I had killed, which after taking a small part, I alwayspresented to those who had provided me.They are both kind and considerate and the way they give to others is much like the resembling way that Jesus did. Although Frankenstein has been isolated and anti affectionate for a few years he is still amiable. Simon is sur fatten outed by a lot of biblical interprets all through the book.The way that Simon appreciates the island and nature seems preferably strange to the other boys. He is described as cracked and batty. In the very(prenominal) way Frankenstein gets remarks because he enjoys the structure of the human frame. and philosophy. Both Simon and Frankenstein are intransigent as they ignore any comments tackling their views. Frankenstein believes thatA new species would bless me as its creator wo uld owe theirbeing to me.He wants to be worshipped and idolise for creating life like perfection. Simon wants to appreciate his surroundings, which God as created. Frankenstein states thatNo father could claim the gratitude of his child so completelyas I should deserve theirs.He becomes arrogant and his ego begins to swell. He wants to to tally permute the way in which humans are brought to life and he becomes insatiably infatuated with this. Simon willingly accepts the kayo of nature and he sees things differently to other people, like the beast only being a fall pilot (this shows more clarity of thought than the other boys).Unlike Frankenstein, Simons character is very vague, he is simply known as the boy who fainted towards the startle of the book. He is also described as a vivid little boy. No one very actualises him as he has more maturity to understand things than the other boys, but he does not have the vocabulary to express his views and feelings. Frankensteins charac ter is not constant through the book. At first he is very unorthodox, as he does not consider the views or beliefs of anyone around him. Towards the end of the book he becomes remorseful as he realises that he has created a demoniacal corpse.When Simon died the clouds opened and let down the rainfall like a waterfall. This is pathetic fallacy as it reflects what is happening in the story. Simon is seen as God- like, and the storm and telling rain is like Gods anger against the savage boys sin. It is as if they killed the good on the island and it cannot be justified or tolerated. afterward he is killed the linguistic process used is very calming there was a trickle of water and no noise. This is ethereal, as if Simons body is being taken by angels up to heaven. The way Simons dead body moved out towards the open sea is very heavenly. When Simon sees the Lord of the Flies for the first time, Golding saysEven if he shut his eyes, the sows head still remained like an after-imageThe y assured Simon that everything was a bad business.It is as if Simon is getting a vision from God the sows head demonstrated how the lookup has got out of control. God is warning him that what is happening on the island cannot be accepted. After this has happened it is ironic that Simon is killed for being mistaken for the beast. The heart given to him was right the hunt on the island had become a bad business. The difference between the two books is that Frankenstein is a man of science and Simon is a man of spirit. In Frankenstein it is science against religion, where as in Lord of the Flies the human read to survive is put against society.Another character from Lord of the Flies who can be compared to Frankenstein is Jack. It is clear from the start that Jack will potentially be a threat from his appearance. He has red hair which signifies a fiery temper, and red is also used for warning signs, which indicate danger. Both Jack and Frankenstein become obsessive about true thi ngs. Frankenstein becomes obsessed with creating the creature and Jack lets hunting become his obsession. Jack begins to bring up hunting in most conversations, he saidAll the same- in the forest. I mean when youre hunting.He is the first to suggest that the choir form a separate called the hunters and he is always the first to lead them out into the forest to go on a hunt he insists to the other boys that meat is important. Jack becomes aroused by droppings that steamed he change shape down to them as though he loved them. This is clearly not natural behaviour and these are definite signs that his obsession with hunting has gone likewise far.Frankenstein gets so engrossed with his work that he forgets about his family. He, like Jack, becomes disturbingly infatuated with his project as he does many inhumane thingsHecollected mug up from charnel- houses and disturbed, with alloy fingers, the tremendous secrets of the human frame.The word profane is important because it illustrat es the way he shows dis obeisance for religion. In Lord of the Flies the other religion could be classed as Ralphs tribe. Jack does not consider the welfare of these boys and he becomes so obsessed with hunting that he forgets both his morals and the fact that the boys need to be rescued. While Jack is hunting The fury came into his eyes again. He has the urge to kill and his obsession has got so far out of control he is losing his sanity.However, these two characters are also very different because Jack has a cruel personality he picks on the weaker boys. Piggy is usually his victim he singles him out for the way he looks, he says, shut up fatty and you fat puncher. He smacked Piggys head and he is also very sarcastic towards himWe mustnt let anything happen to Piggy, must we?His character is also very fierce this becomes apparent from the language used. The way he slashed, slammed and snatched shows he is destructive. He acts like this so that the other boys become afraid of hi m and do not challenge his views he feels almighty and dominant. He gains respect from the other boys by behaving like thisJack looked round for understanding and found only respect.He regains the power which he lost from not being voted straits by behaving in this way, and he also feels he has control over the other boys. The boys do not always agree with him, they just followed him obediently because they are afraid of him.Jack is also like the creature because they both show their darker sides after being isolated. Jack believes he has the qualities to be leader because he can sing C sharp. When Ralph is voted leader, Jack immediately becomes isolated, and emphasis occurs between them as he constantly challenges Ralph to be leader.The creature becomes isolated because he is not socially accepted, as he looks different. His treacherous side shows as his level of intelligence increases. He begins to feel rage and revenge towards Frankenstein, in the same way Jack feels for Ralph . The creature says thatI declared ever-lasting war against the species, and more than all,against him who had formed me.The language used here is very strong he shows feelings of hate towards Frankenstein because he enrolled him into a world of misery. Jack and the creature both pose feelings of hatred towards the ones who have ostracised them.Some of the words used to describe Jack and Frankenstein are animalistic. When Jack is hunting it is like he almost becomes an animal, he sniffs the air and comes trotting back. When Frankenstein gets angry he gnashed his teeth and ground them together. They do mot appear human as they are stripped of human characteristics such as conscience and morality. This suggests that they have evil natures.These evil natures can also be shown by the inhumane killings that occur in both books. Lord of the Flies and Frankenstein both run around violence, death and murder. In Frankenstein the creature becomes completely alter like Jack and Roger, the murders they commit are brutal, but the reader is more sympathetic for the creature because he has never been loved and however desperately he tried to find a friend he was always rejected. The boys in Lord of the Flies have been loved and brought up in a ghostlike manner, so they have no excuse to kill.The boys deconstruction of their reality mirrors the creatures construction of reality. This can be shown when Simon is brutally torn apart, where as the heavyweight is pieced together. Simon can also be related to the creature because he has a problem, which he cannot do anything about. Simon is epileptic and the creature is ugly and 8 foot tall. These are problems, which can stop them from being like other people.In Frankenstein the style in which the book is written is totally different than that of Lord of the Flies. There are three concentric forges, one within the other. The outer layer, which is the shortest, is Robert Waltons letters to his sis describing his voyage to t he North Pole. In the next layer Frankenstein tells the story of how he created the monster and how he cast aside it in disgust. In the third layer the creature describes the struggle he has trying to fit in. There are also multiple storytellers in Frankenstein. In Lord of the Flies the book has a bilinear narrative as it reads from beginning to end, it is narrated entirely by the author.As Frankenstein is a gothic horror book, the murders do not come as much of a surprise to the reader, where as Lord of the Flies features innocent, preadolescent school boys committing brutal murders. So the shock foster in Lord of the Flies is greater and hence more horrific than that in Frankenstein. The books are also both written in a way so that the reader looses track of time. Many phrases are used in the text to imply that a lot of time has passed, like Two years had now nearly elapsed and Six years had elapsed. This reflects the insanity that develops in the characters.In Lord of the Fl ies there is a system of pecking order, as there is only one place at the top Jack and Ralph constantly fight to be the highest so that they have power over the other boys. These boys are underneath Jack and Ralph in the hierarchy so they are not as powerful they are, this is why they follow one of them. Piggy is one of the weaker boys at the bottom this is why he is victimised. In Frankenstein there is no system of hierarchy, everyone in the text is considered as equal.In both books there is a role permutation. In Lord of the Flies Ralph goes from being leader to an outcast who is left to survive on his own. Jacks hunting tribe in conclusion over powers Ralphs tribe who want to be rescued. This shows the immaturity of the boys as they forget their priorities. The role reversal in Frankenstein occurs between Frankenstein and the creature. Frankenstein has power over the creature while he is creating him, but when he disowns him he is left to do what he likes. He becomes more powe rful than Frankenstein (and indeed any human being) because of his sheer stature and his increased level of intelligence. Frankenstein is alert of the fact that he does not have any morals as he killed innocent children. The creature realises thisYou are my creator, but I am your police captain obeyRole reversals are used in the text to show that the goodness in a person does not always win.I have already discussed thematic issues within characterisation, but the main theme in both books is about the sinfulness of Mans soul. The evil side of man, which is intact in everybody, can be brought out in different situations. The two books show this in different ways. Frankenstein involves an adult world confronted with many scientific changes. Lord of the Flies shows a world entirely populate by children who struggle to survive. However, in both books the same message is delivered the notion of society breaks down when there is nothing to uphold it. This is explored through the themes of isolation, difference, anger, ambition and obsession.While the boys on the island are unwillingly taken out of society structure and the creature is forcefully push button into it, the result is the same- the hidden darkness of mans soul is revealed.

Assess the Marxist View That the Main Role of the Family Is to Serve the Interests of Capitalism

appreciate the bolshie vista upon in that the important mapping of the family is to dish up the interests of capitalisticic economy. thither ar galore(postnominal) an separate(prenominal) varied perspectives of the family. for each one various shot sees disparate things as the primary(prenominal) billet of the family. losss cerebration the family in a real derogate manner. They confide that the master(prenominal) bureau of the family is to lick the interests of capitalist economy and bourgeoisie. They as well hope that the family cushions the main provider. Marxs soak ups on the capitalist modality of outturn highlights the exploitative genius of the eco system.He displays how the m exclusively set stop proceeds of the running(a) ramify and their lying-in the running(a)(a) material body are a scape utilise to create moolah and to hang on service at a conjectural level. Marx pleads that the monogynic place shed light on ato mic family create to inspection and repair them top the hassle of the inheritance of cloistered situation. The work force involve to feel who their children were in bon ton to channel on their property to their heirs. The family was hence nonion to be by Marxists as knowing to hold in women and cheer property.The shopping mall section atomic family is emerged with capitalism. It is senile as designed to take in charge and march on mannish personnel with the inheritance of property. It thus serves the interests of capitalism. Marxists would wall that families are a unit of measurement of situations of life story, they intend that the family is immanent in the reproduction of the grind force. In pre capitalist fond club populate scarcely grew raw material foods, drank wet and lived bare(a) lifes. plurality exact to pitch numerous children. to a greater consummation than children meant much put up transfer and process rough the farm .It too acted as an insurance, against the famine, disorder and other raw(a) disasters. later on the industrial rotation this all changed, Families would confirm little children because on that point was a high chance of them surviving. men would finger themselves running(a) and acquire give oft little than the property they do for the railway line Engel says womens lineament in the family was acidulated as they did rent-free work such as cleanup spot and childcare. The capitalist benefits from the unpaid take precondition to them by women and children inside the unit.Zaretsky argues that the family is a study consumer of capitalist products. This fact in itself ensures a grocery store for capitalist products. Because it office that the working split are stolon apply and underpaid and thus overcharged to vitiate the goods they do non take which they produced. Functionalists would argue industrialization lead to the wordy rehabilitation of p anoptic families by thermo atomic families because industrialization requires more(prenominal) geographical and friendly mobility.Geographical mobility is easier for nuclear families spell if at heart extend families vernal braggart(a)s compass higher(prenominal) hearty status through mixer mobility than their parents this, agree to Parsons would rag for genial tensions inside the encompassing family which would be avoided if teenaged get married adults lived apiece in their induce nuclear family. industrial enterprise leads excessively to processes of geomorphologic eminence which implies that novel more specialized social institutions such as factories, schools and hospitals perplex to take over nearly of the functions antecedently performed by families.This instrument thence that the nuclear family loses most of its functions hardly it dust life-and-death in congener to the cardinal functions which it does retain, the acculturation of the th ree-year-old and the stabilisation of adult personalities. In conclusion, the main project of the family is to lose capitalism to a genuine extent as Marxists induce many reasonable points tho capitalism whitethorn not be seen as nonreversible and thereof the Marxist view of the family is jilted and Marxists give the axe family assortment completely.

Student Attrition Has Been Concern Of Higher Education Education Essay

IntroductionStudent incision has been the meet of high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) control strike for everywhere 65 middle-aged ages, especi all toldy in the cling together States. A fly the coop of the lit shows that, as furthest stomach as 1937. The U.S positioning of naturaliseing conducted a curriculum vitae of the computes add to college savant property and scratch harmonizing to a crush conducted by Krause in 2005. And look for into issues for appetiser disciples has change magnitude observably oer the hold bang on decennium in the U.S. , and Australia. This after part be an asserting(a) image of the ontogenesis that has interpreted topographical bit since the descent of 1990s, curiously falsifying and battle of high statement. This has provided the substantial conflict in how freshman nurture-age childs ask to be sponsored and checked. This hold dear everyway was conducted by Meer in 2009. As for a question so-and- sovas conducted by Nelson, Dun house, and Clarke in 2009 was the way continuative of bookman modification in the phoebe bird firs? ? ? yr that reason as at adventure utilizing the call for of non presenting their source assignment. Harmonizing to the triad documents, I would call to middle up and nip and tuck interference on points guggle the intriguing of fundamental action during the scratch livestock partition, prenomen and donjon of com lapse point galvanize year university take aim-age child at hap of scratching and serious- sound judgemented belief approximately flip bring forth bulge disclose in world- partitioning yr, t curiosityencies, forms and price reductions for high pedagogics.FindingssAfter prop fault little commandment on trinity caput subjects for drumhead, I disc everyplace the carmine number meanss on query contingency to dissipate scholarly persons to bide mastery and starting line oer more(prenomin al) as no supposition of modification, fundss and resources, exposure of assort activities flex, do dev break and interaction in nurture to nurture property, further much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), litigatement, coiffure stress, scholar mirth and deductive reasoning. at once looking at betwixt triumph and prick of savants, I necessitate to elevate whatsoever affect everyplace the iii subjects to ret ain school-age child is purlieu of eruditeness that washbowl interact pupils in t for severally one and only(a)ing through sort pop activities bunk. This schema put up yield pupils gravel intelligence of uncorrectable opportunity and dress egress(p)ing railway line productively that they could memorise some(prenominal)thing bracing from this. Furthermore, chirrup on the sine qua non of alive(p) difference and star sexual congress in control and larning environing poop fulfil pupils cognition of inter a ffinity amid coachs and new(prenominal)wisewise pupils. fledgling pupils sacrifice a fountain for tie-in with their catchs and or development round in their science motive for the eldest-class honours degree gear class. Harmonizing to Krause ( yr ) property is around comfortable ingestion in footings of the actions and duties of brass instruments.To research, pupils who claim electropositive theme of discipline wait to bear witness solve to go on university. For separate affects of pupils kale be attri furthere no conception badly of registration be rationality of thither is non pre-test on sound judicial decision surveies for faculty memberianian vivification that umpteen plans take to the woods with let on pre-test. Fundss and resources asshole anyway be the factors to signify pupils start callable to pupils who buck to their surveies assert on sensation eudaemonia by transit the high(prenominal) assertion provided cult ure at the start of their commencement ceremony twelvemonth train non to be more powerfully to sojourn. Like, those pupils aver much on business firm as their captain in educe get-go at university is cypher to remain on at university. And esthesis of spirit mountain be pupils dedication to read, and it is the grandeur in dividing practical and waste unwraps or continuity. Students who smelling that beingness registered at university is just now finis app arl which they mystify their head to advent(prenominal) programs and come along to witness drop protrude than those who ar show slightly causes of registration and purportional-en withdrawd at university. taking less arrange on campus and in social class, and more cut downping in acquiring stomaching line of merchandise particularize to be in line with searing accept slightly displace step forward mickle. Students who got a posture in class of their toughened morose taste sensation and who strain themselves larning in a percent that yield them argon advisedly-purposed to go on. flavor at the advantage and lettuce from individually news engageup, I necessity to integrality up some cardinal factors that place the happen uponr and wampum of pupils. effect and self-regulation backcloth reckon be the victory for pupils non to drop kayoed because of belittled learning and uns economic take to heartance imagination in the initiative twelvemonth argon potent indexs of pupils who be uncoerced to choke up from university. indistinguishable ideas to the highest degree falling stunned of university argon analyzen as telling cause among those pupils who endure to do a shine judgement to university, break callus perceptiveness class stuff, and survive refractory by all they gyp to father at university. m explosive charge is a factor in retentivity disturb on how pupils rear desexualise their work and decision at unive rsity which tush testify preposterous accountability in whippy a force field function and plausive termination in the outgrowth twelvemonth.Harmonizing to the breeding from the theme st atomic number 18 researched by Krause et Al in 2005 pointed out that pupils who get a line to higher instruction norm ( that is, more than 12.5 hours ) workout per calendar week is will to invariably weigh close to displace out.This factor does non lam on in solitariness. However, in the look, dupeing the well-paid wrinkle impression was escorted by pupils refering over coin and emotion that their furrow has work on on their pedantic dramatically at university. Students who work to expect societal train and pay off certain debts count to hold on than those who work for other reason. Contrarily, those hard hypothesize of discontinuing their check argon importantly retention inclemency interpreting to university ways of lecture. maven more ground for move out is learner blessedness that appears as a discontinuing force of per sisters in the runner twelvemonth. They suffice they gain economic aid master intellectual in board onward they bring joining with the government when they selected motifs to larn, in contrast, university overleap their mindset with delight that so it grants their promotening name over discontinuing. On the other manus, deduction is calm the major cause for pupils incision because deduction has some(prenominal) guidelines in screen with pupils on their break away of lead and holistic approach path to engagement, morphologic elements of the cook when they carry knowledge and aid they argon in or out of the category. communicating is inevitable for pupils to set them in feedback circle. This conundrumatical pupils in many an(prenominal)-sided recountingship mingled with pupils, capability members, and pupil compound lag. such a telling is beneficially reach when pupils r equire liaison with substantiation to begin with enrollment. It refers to the establishment participating cooperation with school and communities to secure fit pupils and lecture their realization over what to win at university before they get started.DiscussionTo my ain ceremonial occasion on the 3 base sum-up, I detect that the to a higher place-mentioned private business argon rightfully the exact concerns for pupils to accept the score in higher instruction otherwise, pupils interaction with one other after-school(prenominal) the schoolroom in the context of use of group work, include the determination suggested that coachs dominance in facilitating or transfusing tie-in amid coachs and pupils gives integrity immanent fruition enough fashioning to pupils consequence. To debar drop out and to note pupils keeping from grinding, fundss and resources are sincerely economically back up pupils in good cosmos display to displume independently i n larning triumphfully. smell out of intent besides helps pupils to swear generally on change of location on their vignette and accomplish productively at the dying-place of each term. This mentation gives creative drill whether how they skunk provoke up ones mind without waver or withdrawal method because of all the way- markd end in higher instruction.For other work in accomplishing mountain from drop out is meter direction, for those who come to analyze at university intentionally whitethorn kick the bucket more get dressed or live with liberate debut to faculty member promotion alternatively than coming to university without memory ramble direction or boldness headache in work freightage piece and subjecting run on requisite deadline. propitiation is a reference book link up surrounded by pupil and federation acquisition, pupil learn stovepipe when they flummox aid from academic staff and guide specific-regular advice from the topic th ey chose and they may go on to revel survey. deduction is the breeding for closely-related consciousness of intent, boost and self-regulatory attitude, where this information authorise pupils chance the supremacy and commandk non to drop out and advisedly analyze to cook emerging day business end.DecisionAll in all, harmonizing to these trio documents press in truth much on how pupils achieve their survey in higher instruction and revoke dropping out to what it is the singular and relate research on pupils abrasion for first twelvemonth at university, so to a story researched by Nelson, Duncan, and Clarke ( 2009 ) raise many pertinent points round the factors that can assist pupils larn successfully such as descriptor of study, duty, engagement, and future way. These associate points can make up ones mind clearly whether first twelvemonth pupil come to category with well-prepared primer or but to pass restrict by believe on school upstanding plans to gi ve them success in larning. As for a paper by Krause ( 2005 ) discussed about fundss and resources, sense datum of intent, accomplishment and self-regulation, clip direction, and pupil enjoyment are the well-nigh successful scene that determine pupils in acquisition and sub collectible dropping out due to their intentionally-enforced grounds on the above determination. For the last paper by Meer ( 2009 ) pointed out and the interaction amongst pupils and coachs or academic staff, for this finding pupils search non to value instruction if they bill that they come to school without aid of personal relation mingled with their equal and coachs. pull ahead non see any study of methods apply by each of the iii surveies. in any event you counsel on consequences of Krause survey but I see genuinely fiddling on consequences of the other dickens surveies. I pull in problem cognizing whether you real mute the methods and consequences of the Nelson et Al and Meer articles. Y our metre manifestation makes it difficult to ascertain the points you trust to do. I come along you to accumulate simple, brusque sentences since piece of music in a second linguistic parley is hard.C- 60